Failing to properly validate user input is a common pitfall in secure coding. Attackers can exploit insufficient input validation to inject malicious code or manipulate data in unauthorized ways. To prevent this, always validate input for validity, type, and length according to the expected format. Implement input sanitization techniques to remove or encode potentially harmful characters. Utilize libraries or frameworks that provide built-in input validation capabilities.

Neglecting password security is a significant oversight in secure coding. Weak passwords are easily compromised, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive data or systems. Enforce strong password policies that include minimum length, character diversity, and regular password changes. Implement hashing and salting mechanisms to protect passwords from being stored in plain text. Consider employing multi-factor authentication to add an extra layer of security.

Leaving exceptions and errors unhandled can lead to unpredictable behavior and potential security vulnerabilities. Uncaught exceptions can cause applications to crash or expose sensitive information. Implement comprehensive error handling mechanisms to capture and log exceptions. Provide informative error messages that assist in debugging and prevent attackers from exploiting error conditions. Utilize exception handling frameworks or libraries that simplify error management and improve code reliability.

Neglecting data encryption can result in sensitive information being compromised during transmission or storage. Encrypt data in transit using secure protocols like HTTPS and TLS. Implement encryption at rest using robust encryption algorithms and key management practices. Utilize encryption libraries or frameworks that provide industry-standard encryption methods and facilitate key management tasks. Encrypting sensitive data helps protect it from unauthorized access and potential data breaches.

Overlooking security reviews and audits can lead to undetected vulnerabilities and security gaps. Regularly conduct security reviews and audits to identify potential vulnerabilities and ensure compliance with security standards. Utilize automated security scanning tools and penetration testing to assess the security posture of applications. Implement a secure development lifecycle (SDLC) that includes security gates and reviews at key stages of the development process. Encourage a culture of security awareness and promote continuous improvement in security practices.